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Dead load and live load effects, from which internal forces and displacements are obtained, calculated using the effective cross-section stiffness factors, are represented by symbols G ' and Q' in combinations. Effective cross-section stiffness multipliers are not used in load combinations without seismic effects. In this case, dead load and live load effects, from which internal forces and displacements are obtained, calculated without using the effective cross-section stiffness multipliers, are shown with symbols G and Q in combinations. Earthquake effects are taken into account using effective cross-section stiffness factors and the results of the analysis made using these factors in load combinations are taken into account.
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