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The strength of end plate connection is determined by the assumption that tensile force of the bolts in one flange is controlled by rupture limit state under compressive force.
If there is no axial load on the joint, the total tensile and compressive forces are equal and opposite in both flanges, so that the total force creates a force pair.
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Flexural strength of end plate and column flange is determined by yield line analysis. The yield line method can be calculated by the energy or virtual work method.
Strong column, strong joint and weak beam are used to calculate the forces on the bolt and to find the required bolt strength. According to this assumption, while the column, panel region and beam inelastic behavior, the joint and column show elastic behavior. For this reason, it is necessary to design suitable for the thick plate for end plate. In thick plate behavior, the force in the bolts is the static moment at the center of comprensive flange.
The equations used are as follows:
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