Notation
Ne,d= the design buekljng resistance of the compression memberDesign normal force
Npl,Rd = the reduction factor for the relevant buckling modeDesign plastic resistance to normal forces of the gross cross-section
Nu,Rd = imperfection factorDesign ultimate resistance to normal forces of the net cross-section at holes for fasteners
A = the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling modeGross area
Anet= the in-plane non-dimensional slendernessNet area
fy= yield strength
fu = cross-section areaultimate strength
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If axial tensile elements are used together with bolted connections, the yield stress will be reached earlier in the areas where the bolt holes are located. This situation will affect the strength calculations made with the linear elastic assumption by using the load-displacement curve.
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