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Due to the design rules and limits accroding according to C12.9.1.3, including material strengths, structural elements are stronger than the required strength by analysis. The maximum strength developed along the curve is higher than that at first significant yield, and this point is referred to as the system overstrength capacity, Ω. The system overstrength described above is the direct result of overstrength of the elements that form the SFRS and the lateral force distribution used to evaluate the inelastic force–deformation curve.
Structures typically have a much higher lateral strength than that specified as the minimum by ASCE 7-16. The first yielding of structures may occur at lateral load levels that are 30% to 100% higher than the prescribed design seismic forces by the standard.
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