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Notation

d_b = Nominal diameter of bar, wire, or prestressing strand, in.
f_c^'₌ specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
√fc‘ = square root of specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
f_y = specified yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement,psi
K_tr = transverse reinforcement index, in.
l_d = development length in tension of deformed bar, deformed wire, plain and deformed welded wire reinforcement, or pretensioned strand, in.
s = center-to-center spacing of items, such as longitudinal reinforcement, transverse reinforcement, tendons, or anchors, in.
ψ_e = factor used to modify development length based on reinforcement coating
ψ_g = factor used to modify development length based on grade of reinforcement
ψ_s = factor used to modify development length based on reinforcement size
ψ_t = factor used to modify development length for casting location in tension
λ = modification factor to reflect the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight concrete relative to normalweight concrete of the same compressive strength

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Development lengths of concrete beam reinforcement should be in accordance with Development of Reinforcement title. In this case, for deformed bars or deformed wires, l_d is calculated in accordance with ACI Table 25.4.2.3. Other conditions are described in the same title.

Splices of deformed reinforcement should be in accordance with Splices title.

Transverse reinforcement is provided such that K_tr, along development and splice lenghts of longitudinal bars with f_y ≥ 80,000 psi. Minimum value of K_tr is 0.5d_b. (Development of Reinforcement)

Minimum reinforcement spacing s is determined according to Minimum Spacing of Reinforcement title.

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