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In steel element design, the design ratio under the influence of combined axial force and biaxial bending (PMM ratio) is made in accordance with the Design, Calculation and Construction Principles of Steel Structures (GKT and by the ÇYTHYE 2016 (GKT & YDKT), AISC 360-16 (ASD and & LRFD) or EN 1993-1-1 regulations. . According to the Design, Calculation and Construction Principles of Steel Structures (GKT and YDKT), the calculation of AISC 360-16, axial force and biaxial bending interaction equations is stated are calculated below.

Mathinline
body--uriencoded--$$ \normalsize (a) \; \; \dfrac%7BP_r%7D%7BP_c%7D \ge 0.2 \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \dfrac%7BP_r%7D%7BP_c%7D + \dfrac%7B8%7D%7B9%7D \bigg( \dfrac%7BM_%7Brx%7D%7D%7BM_%7Bcx%7D%7D + \dfrac%7BM_%7Bry%7D%7D%7BM_%7Bcy%7D%7D \bigg) \le 1.00 $$

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body--uriencoded--$$ \normalsize (b) \; \; \dfrac%7BP_r%7D%7BP_c%7D < 0.2 \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \dfrac%7BP_r%7D%7B2P_c%7D + \bigg( \dfrac%7BM_%7Brx%7D%7D%7BM_%7Bcx%7D%7D + \dfrac%7BM_%7Bry%7D%7D%7BM_%7Bcy%7D%7D \bigg) \le 1.00 $$

  • The PMM ratio value must should be less than 1,00.

Possible Solutions:

  • Lateral retention Laterally unbraced length can be reduced by defining tension rods in steel purlins.

  • Roof braces (horizontal braces) and purlins can be removed from the analysis system, provided that stability elements are defined. This option allows the calculation of the design ratio based on biaxial bending, ignoring the axial pressure forces on the purlins. Inclusion of lovers purlins in the analysis system

  • After the purlins are defined, any undivided purlins from the support beams can be divided from the beams they are supported by using the Split All divide-combine all Intersections command.

  • The effects of incoming loads Purlin spacing can be reduced by reducing purlin distances.

  • Steel purlin cross-section size can be enlarged.

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Steel purlin shear strength not satisfied.

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