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Notation

A_cv = gross area of concrete section bounded by web thickness and length of section in the direction of shear force considered in the case of walls, and gross area of concrete section in the case of diaphrams. Gross area is total area of defined section minus area of any openings, in.²
f_c^'₌ specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
√f_c‘ = square root of specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
f_y = specified yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement, psi
f_yt = specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement, psi
h_w = height of entire wall from base to top, or clear height of wall segment or wall pier considered, in.
l_w = length of entire wall, or length of wall segment or wall pier considered in direction of shear force, in.
M_u= factored moment at section, in.-lb
V_n = nominal shear strength, lb
V_u = factored shear force at section, lb
α_c = coefficient defining the relative contribution of concrete strength to nominal wall shear strength
ϕ = strength reduction factor
λ = modification factor to reflect the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight concrete relative to normalweight concrete of the same compressive strength
ρ_l = ratio of area of distributed longitudinal reinforcement to gross concrete area perpendicular to that reinforcement
ρ_t = ratio of area of distributed transverse reinforcement to gross concrete area perpendicular to that reinforcement

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According to ACI 18.10.4.3, shear walls should have distributed shear reinforcement in two orthogonal directions in the plane of the wall. If h_w/l_w ≤ 2.0, the reinforcement ratio ρ_l should be at least the reinforcement ratio ρ_t.

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