Design of Tension Elements

Notation

N_e,d = the design buekljng resistance of the compression member
N_pl,Rd = the reduction factor for the relevant buckling mode
N_u,Rd = imperfection factor
A = the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling mode
A_net= the in-plane non-dimensional slenderness
f_y = yield strength
f_u = cross-section area

If axial tensile elements are used together with bolted connections, the yield stress will be reached earlier in the areas where the bolt holes are located. This situation will affect the strength calculations made with the linear elastic assumption by using the load-displacement curve.

Tension element are designed according to Eq. 6.5.

Design strength of axial tensile elements are used together with bolted connections is determined according to the smallest of Eq. 6.6, and 6.7.

• Plastic resistance of the gross-section

• Ultimate resistance of the net cross-section