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The strength of the end plate connection is determined by the assumption that the tensile force of the bolts on a part of the plate and compressive forces of the bolts on the other part of the plate is controlled by the bearing limit state.
If there is no axial load on the connection, the total tensile and compressive forces are equal and opposite in both parts which create force pair.
The row of bolts farthest from the compression part is considered as the region subject to the greatest tensile force, and the inverse triangular force distribution provides simplification on the calculation and a ductile connection is calculated on a parabolic distribution according to the plastic force distribution assumption.
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The bending strength of the end plate and column flange is determined by the yield line method. The yield line method can be calculated by the energy or virtual work method.
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Strong column, strong joint and weak beam are used to compute the forces on the bolts and to find the required bolt strength. According to this assumption, the column panel zone and beam exhibit inelastic behaviour while the connection and column show elastic behavior. For this reason, it is necessary to design the end plate as a thick plate. In thick plate behaviour, the force in the bolts is the static moment at the center of the compressive part.
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The equations used are as follows
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Limit States to be Checked
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