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Approximate Values of Effective Length Factor, K

Buckled shape of column is shown by dashed line

image-20240123-144100.png

image-20240123-144108.png

image-20240123-144117.png

image-20240123-144143.png

image-20240123-144157.png

image-20240123-144241.png

Theoritical K value

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.0

2.0

2.0

Recommended design value

0.65

0.80

1.2

1.0

2.1

2.0

End condition code

image-20240123-144359.png

For different end boundary conditions, The effective Length Factor, K, alignment charts are used given below.

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Restraint factors of GA and GB defined for either end of a steel member can be obtained as follows.

Mathinline
body--uriencoded--$$ \normalsize G = \dfrac%7B \displaystyle \sum \bigg( \dfrac%7BEI%7D%7BL%7D \bigg)_%7Bcolumns%7D %7D %7B\displaystyle \sum \bigg( \dfrac%7BEI%7D%7BL%7D \bigg)_%7Bbeams%7D%7D $$

For members designed based on compression, the effective slenderness ratio, KL/r, preferably should not exceed 200.

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