Basınç Elemanlarında Yerel Burkulma
- Zeynep Aladağ
Burkulma: Kritik yük etkisinde, yapıda veya bir yapısal elemanda ani geometri değişimi ile oluşan sınır durum.
Yerel Burkulma: Enkesitin basınç etkisindeki elemanlarının (örneğin, başlık veya gövde elemanı) burkulması ile ortaya çıkan sınır durumu.
Yerel Burkulma Sınır Durumu İçin Enkesit Sınıflandırılması
Eksenel basınç kuvveti etkisindeki enkesitler;
Narin enkesitler
Narin olmayan enkesitler
Eğilme momentinden oluşan basınç gerilmeleri etkisindeki enkesit parçaları;
Kompakt enkesit parçaları
Kompakt olmayan enkesit parçaları
Narin enkesit parçaları
Yerel burkulma sınır durumu için enkesitlerin sınıflandırılmasında sınır değerler Yönetmelik 5.4 ‘te,
Eksenel basınç kuvveti etkisindeki enkesitler için Tablo 5.1A
Eğilme momentinden
Rijitleştirilmemiş Enkesit Parçası: Basınç kuvveti doğrultusuna paralel sadece bir kenarı boyunca enkesitin diğer bir parçası ile bağlanan, basınç etkisindeki enkesit parçalarıdır.
Rijitleştirilmiş Enkesit Parçası: Basınç kuvveti doğrultusuna paralel iki kenarı boyunca enkesitin diğer bir parçası ile bağlanan, basınç etkisindeki enkesit parçalarıdır.
Eksenel basınç kuvveti etkisindeki enkesit parçaları; (Çelik yapıların tasarım, hesap ve yapım esasları)
Eksenel basınç kuvveti etkisindeki enkesit parçaları; (AISC 360-10)
Eğilme momentinin basınç bileşeni etkisindeki enkesit parçaları; (Çelik yapıların tasarım,hesap ve yapım esasları)
Eğilme momentinin basınç bileşeni etkisindeki enkesit parçaları; (AISC 360-10)
Enkesit sınıflandırması; (EN 1993-1-1)
Sınıf 1:
Kesitin dayanımında azalma olmaksızın yapılan analizde plastik mafsal oluşturabilen kesitlerdir.
Sınıf 2:
Plastik moment oluşturulabilen fakat yerel burkulmadan dolayı sınırlı dönme kapasitesine sahip kesitlerdir.
Sınıf 3:
Çelik elemanın elastik gerilme dağılımı akma dayanımına ulaştığı anda, yerel burkulma kesitin plastik moment dayanımına ulaşmasına engel olan kesit sınıfıdır.
Karakteristik Eğilme Momenti Dayanımı
Kuvvetli eksen etrafında eğilme etikisindeki çift simetri eksenli I-enkesitli elemanlar için yerel burkulma sınır durumunda, karakteristik eğilme momenti dayanımı, Mn ‘nin, enkesitin başlık parçası narinliği λf e bağlı olarak değişimi;
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Karakteristik Basınç Kuvveti Dayanımı
Narin olmayan enkesitli (Yönetmelik Tablo 5.1A ‘ya göre narin enkesit parçası içermeyen) elemanarın eksenel basınç kuvveti altında karaktesitik eksenel basınç kuvveti dayanımı, Pn, Yönetmelik 8.2 esas alınarak hesaplanırsa;
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Burada, kritik burulma gerilmesi, Fcr, Denk.(8.2) veya Denk.(8.3) ile elde edilecektir.
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(veya ) için
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' aria-hidden='true'%3e %3cg transform='translate(167%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(-11%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(0%2c75)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(120%2c0)'%3e %3crect stroke='none' width='921' height='60' x='0' y='220'%3e%3c/rect%3e %3cg transform='translate(60%2c558)'%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-4C' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.574)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-63' x='839' y='-185'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-69' x='478' y='-584'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-3E' x='1439' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cg transform='translate(2495%2c0)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-34'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-2E' x='500' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-37' x='779' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-31' x='1279' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cg transform='translate(4275%2c0)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJSZ2-221A' x='0' y='-106'%3e%3c/use%3e %3crect stroke='none' width='1171' height='60' x='1000' y='985'%3e%3c/rect%3e %3cg transform='translate(1000%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(120%2c0)'%3e %3crect stroke='none' width='931' height='60' x='0' y='220'%3e%3c/rect%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-45' x='276' y='629'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cg transform='translate(60%2c-427)'%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-46' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.574)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-79' x='792' y='-185'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/svg%3e)
(veya ' aria-hidden='true'%3e %3cg transform='translate(167%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(-11%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(0%2c-56)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(120%2c0)'%3e %3crect stroke='none' width='931' height='60' x='0' y='220'%3e%3c/rect%3e %3cg transform='translate(60%2c668)'%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-46' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.574)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-79' x='792' y='-185'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cg transform='translate(68%2c-427)'%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-46' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.574)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-65' x='792' y='-185'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-3E' x='1449' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cg transform='translate(2505%2c0)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-32'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-2E' x='500' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-32' x='779' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-35' x='1279' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/svg%3e)
) için
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626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z'%3e%3c/path%3e %3cpath stroke-width='1' id='E1-MJMAIN-29' d='M60 749L64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12T224 -76T186 -143T145 -194T113 -227T90 -246Q87 -249 86 -250H74Q66 -250 63 -250T58 -247T55 -238Q56 -237 66 -225Q221 -64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738Q55 746 60 749Z'%3e%3c/path%3e %3c/defs%3e %3cg stroke='currentColor' fill='currentColor' stroke-width='0' transform='matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)' aria-hidden='true'%3e %3cg transform='translate(167%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(-11%2c0)'%3e %3cg transform='translate(0%2c-25)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-46' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cg transform='translate(643%2c-150)'%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-63' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-72' x='433' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-3D' x='1647' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cg transform='translate(2703%2c0)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-30'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-2E' x='500' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-38' x='779' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-37' x='1279' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-37' x='1780' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cg transform='translate(4983%2c0)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-46' x='0' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse transform='scale(0.707)' xlink:href='%23E1-MJMATHI-65' x='910' y='-213'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-28' x='34390' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cg transform='translate(34780%2c0)'%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-38'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-2E' x='500' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-33' x='779' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3cuse xlink:href='%23E1-MJMAIN-29' x='36059' y='0'%3e%3c/use%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/svg%3e)
Eksenel basınç kuvveti altında, Yönetmelik Tablo 5.1A ‘ya göre narin enkesit parçalarına sahip basınç elemanlarında karakteristik basınç kuvveti dayanımı, Pn , Yönetmelik 8.5 esas alınarak hesaplanırsa;
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492L320 363H375Q378 363 398 363T426 364T448 367T472 374T489 386Q502 398 511 419T524 457T529 475Q532 480 548 480H560Q567 475 567 470Q567 467 536 339T502 207Q500 200 482 200H470Q463 206 463 212Q463 215 468 234T473 274Q473 303 453 310T364 317H309L277 190Q245 66 245 60Q245 46 334 46H359Q365 40 365 39T363 19Q359 6 353 0H336Q295 2 185 2Q120 2 86 2T48 1Z'%3e%3c/path%3e %3cpath stroke-width='1' id='E1-MJMATHI-63' d='M34 159Q34 268 120 355T306 442Q362 442 394 418T427 355Q427 326 408 306T360 285Q341 285 330 295T319 325T330 359T352 380T366 386H367Q367 388 361 392T340 400T306 404Q276 404 249 390Q228 381 206 359Q162 315 142 235T121 119Q121 73 147 50Q169 26 205 26H209Q321 26 394 111Q403 121 406 121Q410 121 419 112T429 98T420 83T391 55T346 25T282 0T202 -11Q127 -11 81 37T34 159Z'%3e%3c/path%3e %3cpath stroke-width='1' id='E1-MJMATHI-72' d='M21 287Q22 290 23 295T28 317T38 348T53 381T73 411T99 433T132 442Q161 442 183 430T214 408T225 388Q227 382 228 382T236 389Q284 441 347 441H350Q398 441 422 400Q430 381 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Buradaki terimler aşağıda açıklanmıştır.
Ae : Etki alanı.
Fcr : Kritik burkulma gerilmesi.
Eksenel basınç kuvveti etkisindeki elemanın, asal eksenlerinden herhangi biri etrafında eğilmeli burkulma sınır durumu, burulmalı burkulma sınır durumu ve eğilmeli - burulmalı burkulma sınır durumlarında, kritik burkulma gerilmesi, Fcr, Bölüm 8.2.1 veya Bölüm 8.2.2 de verilen esaslar ile belirlenecektir. Tek korniyer enkesitlerde, kritik burkulma gerilmesi, Fcr, Bölüm 8.2.1 ile sadece eğilmeli burkulma sınır durumu için hesaplanacaktır.
8.5.1 - Narin Enkesit Parçalarında Etkin Alan
Etkin alan, Ae, her bir narin enkesit parçası için (b-be)t alınarak, kayıpsız alanda yapılan azaltma ile belirlenecektir. Narin enkesit parçalarında etkin genişlik, be, (T-enkesitler için de, gövde elemanları için he) aşağıda tanımlanmaktadır.
Eksenel basınç kuvveti altında, Yönetmelik Tablo 5.1A ‘ya göre narin enkesit parçalarına sahip basınç elemanlarında karakteristik baısnç kuvveti dayanımı, Pn, Yönetmelik 8.5 esas alınarak hesaplanırsa;
Buradaki terimler aşağıda açıklanmıştır.
Ae : Enkesit parçalarının azaltılmış etkin genişliği ile hesaplanan etkin alanların toplamı.
b : Enkesit parçasının genişliği (T-enkesitlerde d, gövde elemanlarında h).
c1, c2 : Tablo 8.2 de verilen etkin genişlik hata düzeltme katsayısı.
λ : Bölüm 5.4.1 de tanımlanan enkesit parçası genişlik/kalınlık oranı.
λr : Tablo 5.1A da verilen enkesit parçası parçası genişlik/kalınlık oranı sınır değeri.
Fy : Yapısal çelik karakteristik akma gerilmesi.
Fel : Denk.(8.25) ile hesaplanan yerel elastik burkulma gerilmesi.
Örnek 1:
HE 450 B enkesitli L = 4.0 m boyundaki elemanın karakteristik eksenel basınç kuvveti dayanımı ve elemanın tasarım basınç kuvveti dayanımının bulunması;
Ag = 21798.76 mm2
iyy = 73.329 mm
Fy = 355 N/mm2
K = 2
Yerel burkulma sınır durumu başlık parçası;
Yerel burkulma sınır durumu gövde parçası;
Tablo 5.1A ‘da verilen λf sınır değerlerini aşmadığından narin olmayan enkesit olarak değerlendirilir.
Yönetmelik 8.2 uyarınca,
Karakteristik basınç kuvveti dayanımı,
YDKT tasarım kuvveti,
Örnek 2:
Yapma enkesitli L = 4.0 m boyundaki elemanın karakteristik eksenel basınç kuvveti dayanımı ve elemanın tasarım basınç kuvveti dayanımının bulunması;
Ag = 9440 mm2
iyy = 69.057 mm
Fy = 355 N/mm2
K = 2
Yerel burkulma sınır durumu başlık parçası;
Yerel burkulma sınır durumu gövde parçası;
Tablo 5.1A ‘da verilen λf sınır değerlerini aştığından narin enkesit olarak değerlendirilir.
Narin enkesitlerin eksenel basınç dayanımını bulmak için Yönetmelik 8.5 ‘te açıklanan karakteristik basınç kuvvetinin bulunması,
8.5 Narin Enkesitli Basınç Elemanları
Eksenel basınç kuvveti altında, Tablo 5.1A’ya göre narin enkesit parçalarına sahip basınç elemanlarında karakteristik basınç kuvveti dayanımı, Pn, aşağıda verilen esaslar doğrultsunda Denk.(8.23) ile belirlenecektir.
Buradaki terimler aşağıda açıklanmıştır.
Ae : Enkesit parçalarının azaltılmış etkin genişliği ile hesaplanan etkin alanların toplamı.
b : Enkesit parçasının genişliği (T-enkesitlerde d, gövde elemanlarında h).
c1, c2 : Tablo 8.2 de verilen etkin genişlik hata düzeltme katsayısı.
λ : Bölüm 5.4.1 de tanımlanan enkesit parçası genişlik/kalınlık oranı.
λr : Tablo 5.1A da verilen enkesit parçası parçası genişlik/kalınlık oranı sınır değeri.
Fy : Yapısal çelik karakteristik akma gerilmesi.
Fel : Denk.(8.25) ile hesaplanan yerel elastik burkulma gerilmesi.
Başlık için;
Gövde için;
Başlık ve gövde için etkili genişliklerde azaltma yapılmayacaktır,
Karakteristik basınç kuvveti dayanımı,
YDKT tasarım kuvveti,
ideCAD sonuçları ile karşılaştırma
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