Transverse Reinforcement (BRD) per ACI 318-19 with ideCAD

How does ideCAD control beam transverse reinforcement detailing according to ACI 318-19?

Notation

A_g = gross area of concrete section, in²
b_w = web width or diameter of circular section, in.
b_t = width of that part of cross section containing the closed stirrups resisting torsion, in.
d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement, in.
d_b = nominal diameter of bar, wire, or prestressing strand, in
f_c^' = specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
√fc‘ = square root of specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
f_y = specified yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement, psi
f_yt = specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement, psi
h = overall thickness, height, or depth of member, in.
p_h = perimeter of centerline of outermost closed transverse torsional reinforcement, in.
s = center-to-center spacing of items, such as longitudinal reinforcement, transverse reinforcement, tendons, or anchors, in.
V_e = design shear force for load combinations including earthquake effects, lb
V_n = nominal shear strength, lb
V_s = nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement, lb
V_u = factored shear force at section, lb
ϕ = strength reduction factor

Details of transverse reinforcement are applied in accordance with Transverse Reinforcement per ACI 318-19 with ideCAD title.

Hoops

Hoops consist of a closed tie or continuously wound tie, which can consist of several reinforcement elements each having seismic hooks at both ends (Transverse Reinforcement per ACI 318-19 with ideCAD).

Shear reinforcement is provided using stirrups, hoops, or longitudinal bent bars. Also, additional shear reinforcement, called hanger reinforcement (ACI Fig R9.7.6.2.1), should be placed to transfer shear from the end of the supported beam. According to ACI R9.7.6.2.1 hanger reinforcement is not required if the bottom of the supported beam is at or above mid-depth of the supporting beam or if the factored shear transferred from the supported beam is less than 3√fc‘b_wd.

According to ACI 9.7.6.2.2, maximum shear reinforcement leg spacing along the beam's length and across the beam's width should be in accordance with given below.

Shear strength provided by bent-up longitudinal reinforcement is neglected.

Torsion

If torsional reinforcement is required, transverse torsional reinforcement should be closed stirrups satisfying Stirrups per ACI 318-19 with ideCAD or hoops.

According to ACI 9.7.6.3.2, transverse torsional reinforcement should extend it beyond the point required by the analysis by at least (b_t + d) distance.

According to ACI 9.7.6.3.3, the maximum spacing of transverse torsional should be the lesser of p_h/8 and 12 in.

Lateral support of compression reinforcement

Transverse reinforcement is provided throughout the distance where longitudinal compression reinforcement is required. Closed stirrups or hoops provide lateral support of longitudinal compression reinforcement.

According to ACI 9.7.6.4.2, transverse reinforcement size should be at least one of the two conditions below,

• No. 3 for longitudinal bars No.10 and smaller

• No. 4 for longitudinal bars No.11 and larger

According to ACI 9.7.6.4.3, the maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement should not exceed the least of three conditions below,

• 16d_b of longitudinal reinforcement

• 48d_b of transverse reinforcement

• Least dimension of the beam

According to ACI 9.7.6.4.4, Longitudinal compression reinforcement in each corner and alternative compression bar shall be arranged to be surrounded by transverse reinforcement around the corner with an included angle of not more than 135 degrees. Also, no bar shall be farther than 6 in. clear on each side along the transverse reinforcement from such an enclosed bar.

Reinforcement Limits for Beams of Earthquake-Resistant Structures

Ordinary moment frames

All the conditions described above are valid for beams of ordinary moment frames.

Intermediate moment frames

All the conditions described above are valid for beams of intermediate moment frames.

According to ACI 18.4.2.4, the hoop should be provided over a minimum length 2h measured from the face of the supporting member toward the midspan at both ends of the beam. The first hoop should be located a length of at least 2 in. from the face of the supporting member. The spacing of hoop should not exceed the smallest of values given below,

• d/4

• Eight times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar enclosed

• 24 times the diameter of the hoop bar

• 12 in.

According to ACI 18.4.2.5, the spacing of transverse reinforcement should not exceed d/2 throughout the length of the beam.

According to ACI 18.4.2.6, if factored axial compressive force of beams exceed 0.10f_c’A_g , transverse reinforcement required by ACI 18.4.2.5 shall conform to ACI 25.7.2.2 and either ACI 25.7.2.3 or ACI 25.7.2.4.

Special moment frames

All the conditions described above are valid for beams of special moment frames.

According to ACI 18.6.4.1, Hoops should be provided in the beam regions given below,

• Over a length equal to twice the beam depth measured from the face of the supporting column toward the midspan at both ends of the beam

• Over lengths equal to twice the beam depth on both sides of a section where flexural yielding is likely to occur as a result of lateral displacements beyond the elastic range of behavior.

According to ACI 18.6.4.2, where hoops are required, primary longitudinal reinforcing bars should have lateral support in accordance with Transverse Reinforcement per ACI 318-19 with ideCAD title. The maximum spacing of transversely supported flexural reinforcing bars are 14 in.

According to ACI 18.6.4.3, hoops in beams can consist of two reinforcement pieces. These pieces are a stirrup having seismic hooks at both ends and closed by a crosstie. If a slab confines the longitudinal reinforcing bars secured by the crossties on only one side of the beam, the 90-degree hooks of the crossties shall be placed on that side.

According to ACI 18.6.4.4, The first hoop should be located a length of at least 2 in. from the face of a supporting column. The maximum spacing of the hoops should be the smallest of the values given below.

• d/4

• 6 in.

• For Grade 60 or S420, 6d_b of the smallest primary flexural reinforcing bar excluding longitudinal skin reinforcement required by ACI 9.7.2.3

• For Grade 80, 5d_b of the smallest primary flexural reinforcing bar excluding longitudinal skin reinforcement required by ACI 9.7.2.3

According to ACI 18.6.4.5, Hoops should be designed to resist the design shear force, V_e, in accordance with ACI 18.6.5.

According to ACI 18.6.4.6, where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hooks at both ends should be spaced at a distance not more than d/2 along the length of the beam.

According to ACI 18.6.4.7, if P_u≥ 0.10f_c’A_g , hoops satisfying columns of special moment frames transverse reinforcement detailing should be provided along the lengths given in ACI 18.6.4.1. Along the remaining length, maximum hoop spacing s should be the smallest of the values given below,

• 6 in.

• 6d_b of the smallest Grade 60 or S420 enclosed longitudinal beam bar

• 5d_b of the smallest Grade 80 enclosed longitudinal beam bar

If concrete cover over transverse reinforcement exceeds 4 in., additional transverse reinforcement having cover not exceeding 4 in. and spacing not exceeding 12 in. should be provided.